Publications & presentations

PUBLICATIONS

Tyler, A.N., Scott, E. M., Dale, P., Elliott, A. E., Wilkins, B. T., Boddy, K., Toole, J. and Cartwright, P. (2010). Reconstructing the abundance of Dounreay hot particles on an adjacent public beach in Northern Scotland. Sci. Total Environment, accepted for publication.

Croudace I.W., Warwick P.E. & Toole J. (2007). Mineralogical and particle size controls on 137Cs abundances in offshore and foreshore sands from Dounreay, N Scotland. In Warwick P (Ed) Environmental Radiochemical Analysis II, Special Publication, Royal Society of Chemistry.

Cassidy, J. and Toole, J. (2007). Development and use of radiation detection technology for buried seabed particles. International conference ‘Managing historic hot particle liabilities in the marine environment around Dounreay’, 30th and 31st August 2005, Nairn, Scotland. Special Issue J. Radiol. Prot., 27 (3A), September 2007.

Crawford, R. C. and Toole, J. (2005). Studies on the repopulation of offshore sediments by hot particles. International conference ‘ Managing historic hot particle liabilities in the marine environment’, 30th and 31st August 2005, Nairn, Scotland. Special Issue J. Radiol. Prot., 27 (3A), September 2007.

Toole, J. (2007). History of monitoring beaches around Dounreay and some future work. International conference ‘Managing historic hot particle liabilities in the marine environment around Dounreay’, 30th and 31st August 2005, Nairn, Scotland. Special Issue J. Radiol. Prot., 27 (3A), September 2007.

Toole, J; Innes, S; Liddiard, M, Cassidy, J and Russ, S (2005). The use of sodium iodide detectors to locate buried radioactive particles in the seabed off Dounreay nuclear facility. Radioativity in the Environment, Vol 8; Proceedings of International Conference on Isotopes in Environmental Studies, P Povinec and J A Sanchez-Cabeza eds, pp 562-578, 2005.

Longworth, G., Carpenter, R., Bull, R.K., Toole, J. and Nichols, A.L. The Radiochemical Manual 1998.

Toole, J., Carpenter, R.C. and Wood, N. A proficiency testing scheme for the measurement of radionuclides in foods, in Environmental Radiochemical Analysis (ed. G.W.A. Newton), RSC Special Publication No. 234, 301-311 (1999).

Adsley, I., Backhouse, J. S., Nichols, A. L. and Toole, J. U-238 decay chain: resolution of observed anomalies in the measured secular equilibrium between Th-234 and daughter Pa-234m. Appl. Rad. Isot., 49 (11), 1337-1344 (1998).

Toole, J., Adsley, I., Hearn, R., Wildner, H., Montgomery, N., Croudace, I., Warwick, P. and Taylor, R. Status of analytical techniques for the measurement of uranium isotopic signatures. Proceedings of Workshop on the Status of Measurement Techniques for the Identification of Nuclear Signatures, Geel, Belgium 25-27 February 1997, 49-58, (1997).

Toole, J. Sensitive analytical methodology for environmental samples in support of Safeguards. Proceedings of Workshop on Science and Modern Technology for Safeguards, Arona, Italy, 28-31 October, 59-63 (1996).

Rose, C. L., McKay, W. A., Leonard, D. R. P., Barr, H. M., Toole, J. and Halliwell, C. M. Radioactivity in two tide-washed marsh areas in the eastern Irish Sea : a radiological assessment. Sci. Tot. Environm. 191, 1 - 13 (1996).

Carpenter, R.C., Sanders, T.W., Vernon, L.M., Toole, J., Morrison, R.T. and Alderson, S.A. The determination of low levels of radiocaesium and radioruthenium in foodstuffs. Sci. Tot. Environm., 173/174, 169-178, (1995).

Wickenden, D. A. and Toole, J. Low-level analysis of lead-210 in waters via bismuth-210 measurement. Sci. Tot. Environm., 173/174, 117-123 (1995).

McMahon,A.W., Toole, J.,Jones, S.R. and Gray, J. Investigation of a radioactive particle and a soil sample obtained from the Windscale area in 1956. Analyst, 119, 991-995, (1994).

Scott, R.D., Baxter, M.S., Hursthouse, A.S., McKay, K., Sampson, K. and Toole, J. The detection of actinides in environmental samples by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Anal. Proceedings, 28, 382-384, (1991).

Toole, J., McKay, K. and Baxter, M.S. The application of isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to the analysis of uranium in marine sediment porewaters. Anal. Chim. Acta., 245, 83-88, (1991).

Toole, J., Hursthouse, A.S., McDonald, P., Sampson, K., Baxter, M.S., Scott, R.D. and McKay, K. The determination of actinides in environmental samples by ICP-MS. In: Plasma Source Mass Spectrometry (eds. Jarvis, K.E., Gray, A.L., Williams, J.G. and Jarvis, I.). RSC Special Publication No.85, 155-162, (1990).

Thomson, J., Wallace, H.E., Colley, S. and Toole, J. Authigenic uranium in Atlantic sediments of the last glacial stage - a diagenetic phenomenon. Earth Plant Sci. Lett., 98, 222-232, (1990).

Toole, J., MacKrell, A., Cook, G.T., Baxter, M.S. and Duncan, H.J. An assessment of onland transfer of radioactivity near Dounreay, Scotland, J. Environ. Rad. 12, 299-329, (1990).

Colley, S., Thomson, J. and Toole, J. Uranium relocations and derivation of quasi-isochrons for a turbidite/pelagic sequence in the N E Atlantic. Geochim. Cosmochim, Acta. 53, 1223-1234, (1989).

Toole, J., Baxter, M.S. and Thomson, J. Some aspects of the geochemistry of uranium in the marine environment. In: Radionuclides: A Tool for Oceanography (J.C. Guary, P. Guegueniat and R.J. Pentreath eds.). Elsevier Applied Science, 183-194, (1988).

Toole, J. Book Review - Application of Distribution Coefficients to Radiological Assessment Models (T.H. Sibley and C. Myttenaere, eds.). J. Environ. Rad. 5, 477-481, (1987).

Toole, J., Baxter, M.S. and Thomson, J. The behaviour of uranium isotopes with salinity change in three UK estuaries. Est. Coast Shelf Sci., 25, 283-297, (1987).

Crawford, R., Toole, J. and Baxter, M.S. A comparison of particle track and α-spectrometric techniques in excess Thorium-230 dating of eastern Atlantic pelagic sediments. J. Environ. Rad., 2, 135-144, (1985).

Cook, G.T., Baxter, M.S., Duncan, H.J., Toole, J. and Malcolmson, R. Geochemical association of plutonium in the Caithness environment. Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res., 223, 517-522, (1984).

Toole, J., Thomson, J., Wilson, T.R.S. and Baxter, M.S. A sampling artefact affecting the uranium content of deep-sea porewaters obtained from cores. Nature, 308, 263-266, (1984).

Toole, J. Marine chemistry of uranium: studies by particle track analysis and alpha spectrometry. PhD thesis, University of Glasgow, 245pp, (1984).

UKAEA Dounreay reports, 2003 to 2008
Toole, J. and Cartwright, P. (2008). Release of radioactivity from buried fuel fragments into surrounding sediment and porewater – a laboratory study. DSRL Report LRP(08)P043.

Toole, J., Liddiard, M. and Cartwright, P. (2008). The recent findings of contaminated plastic items on two beaches in Caithness. DSRL Report LRP(08)P044.

Innes, S., Toole, J., Hall, D., and Cartwright, P. (2008). Remote particle retrieval trial by Fathoms Ltd – December 2007. UKAEA Report LRP(08)P016.

Hall, D. and Toole, J. (2007). Investigation into the relationship between activity of Sandside particles and activity of surrounding sand. UKAEA Report LRP/NFR/2007/08.

Howse, M., Toole, J. and Cartwright, P. (2007). Salinity and radiation survey of the seabed around the old and new diffusers. UKAEA Report LRP(07)P030.

Toole, J. and Cartwright, P. (2007). Tests on the dissolution characteristics of 151 Dounreay particles using dilute hydrochloric acid. UKAEA Report LRP(07)P028.

MacKay, D., Toole, J. and Cartwright, P. (2007). Review of local beaches monitoring Jan – June 2007. UKAEA Report LRP(07)P027.

Howse, M., Toole, J., Love, J. and Cartwright, P. (2008). Dounreay Particles Management Strategy – Best Practicable Environmental Option. UKAEA Report LRP(07)P026.

Innes, S. and Toole, J. (2007). Particle mapping surveys offshore by ROV in June and July 2007. UKAEA Report LRP(07)P025.

Toole, J. and MacGregor, J. (2007). Measurements of the density of radioactive particles using sodium polytungstate. UKAEA Report LRP(07)P024.

Henderson,F., Toole, J. and Cartwright, P. (2007). Dounreay Particles Technical Resume. UKAEA Report LRP(07)P017.

Toole, J., Cartwright, P. and Wratten, T. (2007). Deatails of a programme of work on Dounreay Particles, 2007 – 2028. UKAEA Report LRP(07)P016.

Scirea, M., Toole, J. and Cartwright, P. Frequency of coverage of Sandside beach during radiological surveys from November 2002 to December 2006. UKAEA Report LRP(07)P014.

Toole, J. and Innes, S. (2006). ROV mapping surveys offshore of Dounreay in 2005 and 2006. UKAEA Report EPD(06)P272.

Innes, S., Toole, J. and Cartwright, P. (2006). Detection efficiency for particles buried offshore – comparison of the capabilities of a tracked ROV and divers. UKAEA Report EPD(06)P269.

Woods, M., Toole, J. and Cartwright, P. Review and testing of technologies available for use in beach monitoring. UKAEA Report EPD(06)P025, March 2006.

Innes, S and Toole, J. (2004). Report on a laboratory test of a marinised sodium iodide gamma detector couple to a SAM-935 surveillance and measurement system. UKAEA Report EPD(04)P178.

Toole, J. (2004). Review of instrumentation used for on-site radioactive monitoring at Dounreay. UKAEA Report EPD(04)P160.

Toole, J. (2004). Field trials of a marinised sodium iodide detector off Dounreay in September 2003. UKAEA Report EPD(04)P143.

Reports to Funding Organisations/Commercial customers

Toole, J. and Liddiard, M. (2010). Pentland Firth renewable energy developments: radioactive contamination risk assessment. Report 105000-00002 to confidential client. June 2010.

Toole, J. Steensma, G. and Paredes, J-M. Radiological risk assessment concerning NORM on an offshore platform. WorleyParsons report 51010-06, November 2009.

Toole, J. and Paredes, J-M. Analisis de radon y particulas en el aire (Mediciones realizadas el 28 y 29 de Julio de 2009). WorleyParsons report 51010-06, Octobre 2009.

Lopez, A. And Toole, J. A feasibility study on the segregation of re-useable material from low-level waste at Dounreay. Report under Contract 3100015032 to DSRL, March 2009.

Toole, J. and Paredes, J-M. Analisis de radon y particulas en el aire. WorleyParsons report 51010-05, Febrero 2009.

Toole, J., Liddiard, M. And Steensma, G. A desk review of selected legislations and guidance related to offshore disposals of NORM wastes. WorleyParsons report 51010/04, May 2008.

Locke, J, Pickford, C. and Toole, J. Comparison of SIRA and SIBCA procedures defined in NATO AEP-49 and AEP-10 (U). Report RPO(G)/T112/02/P2, Serco Radiac office, January 2002.

Locke, J and Toole, J. Review of proficiency testing schemes and intercomparison exercises relevant to a forensic SIRA mission. Report RPO(G)/T112/02/P1, Serco Radiac office, January 2002.

Toole, J and Carpenter, R.C. (2001) Sampling and analysis of soils and house dust from locations in Wokingham Road, Earley, Reading. Report C14789 to the Environment Agency.

Toole, J and Carpenter, R.C. (2001) Report on the Sampling and Analysis Programme around Hinkley Point, Somerset. Report C17181 to the Environment Agency.

Toole, J and Brown, R.M. (2001) Report on an intercomparison exercise covering the measurement of total tritium in dried sediment. Report A8318 to the Environment Agency.

Adsley, I., Nichols, A.L. and Toole, J. Decay of Th-234 and daughter Pa-234m in Secular Equilibrium: resolution of observed anomalies. Report for Environment Agency, Report No. NCAS/TR/2000/009, January 2000.

Carpenter, R.C. and Toole, J. A Review of organically bound tritium in the environment. Report for NCAS, Environment Agency, June 1999.

Toole, J. and Hearn, R. Environmental monitoring for Safeguards: radionuclide signatures in tree rings and related samples. Report AEAT-2817/SRDP-R257 (1998).

Toole, J. and Carpenter, R.C. Sampling and field identification of radioactive samples – criteria to be satisfied by laboratories who could be approached for radioactivity measurements. Report RPO(G)/T1/97/P4 to MOD Radiac office (1997).

Watterson, J.D., Baker, S.J., Playford, K. and Toole, J. Sampling and field identification of radioactive samples – draft sampling protocols. Report RPO(G)/T1/97/P3 to MOD Radiac office (1997).

Toole, J., Adsley, I. And Pierce, T.B. Sampling and field identification of radioactive samples – detailed analytical requirements. Report RPO(G)/T1/97/P2 to MOD Radiac office (1997).

Pierce, T.B., Toole, J. and Flemming, M.A. Sampling and field identification of radioactive samples – requirements for field sampling and analysis. Report RPO(G)/T1/97/P1 to MOD Radiac office (1997).

Adsley, I., Nichols, A.L. and Toole, J. Decay of Th-234 and daughter Pa-234 in secular equilibrium : resolution of observed anomalies. DOE Report DOE/CPR2/41/219, (1996).

Toole, J., Watterson, J., McKay, W.A., Nicholson, K.W. and Wickenden, D.A. Environmental monitoring field trial at Dounreay, Scotland, UK. Report SRDP-R230 to UKAEA Safeguards Office (1996).

Toole, J., Eccles, J., Morrison, R.T., Harding, T., Pickford, C. and Carpenter, R.C. Laboratory Intercomparison Exercise : measurement of Pb-210 and Po-210 in foods. Report to MAFF, Contract No. NE 2095, December 1996.

Adsley, I., Nichols, A.L. and Toole, J. Decay of Th-234 and daughter Pa-234 in secular equilibrium : resolution of observed anomalies. DOE Report DOE/CPR2/41/219, (1996).

Adsley, I. and Toole, J.. Environmental monitoring for detection of clandestine nuclear plants. Part III: Portable gamma spectrometric survey of Harwell fuel reprocessing building. Report NMC-R012 to UKAEA Safeguards Office (1995).

Toole, J., Pratley, F.P., Benton, D. and Lands, C. Environmental monitoring for detection of clandestine nuclear plants. Part II: Capenhurst field trial. Report NMC-R011 to UKAEA Safeguards Office (1995).

Toole, J. and Strange, L.S. Environmental monitoring for detection of clandestine nuclear plants. Part I: Harwell AVLIS field trial. Report NMC-R010 to UKAEA Safeguards Office (1995).

Barr, H.M., Howorth, J.M.,and Toole, J. Radionuclides in the Ribble estuary, AEA Technology report AEA-EE-0454, (1995).

Playford, K., Toole, J. and Sanders, T. W. Radioactive fallout in air and rain : results to the end of 1994. Report to Department of the Environment, DOE/RAS/95.006 (1995), AEAT/18141801/REMA-147.

Playford, K., Toole, J. and Sanders, T. W. Radioactive fallout in air and rain : results to the end of 1992. Report to Department of the Environment, DOE/RAS/94.001 (1994).

Playford, K., Toole, J. and Sanders, T. W. Radioactive fallout in air and rain : results to the end of 1993. Report to Department of the Environment, DOE/RAS/94.004 (1994).

Toole, J. Wickenden, D.A. and Carpenter R.C. The inter-batch, intra-batch and temporal variations of radioactivity levels in bottled mineral waters. Report to MAFF, Contract No. N2599, (February 1993).

Playford, K., Toole, J. and Adsley, I. Radioactive fallout in air and rain : results to the end of 1991. Report to Department of the Environment, DOE/RAS/93.003 (1993), AEA-EE-0498.

Toole, J., Carpenter, R.C. and Strange, L.P. A study of plutonium-241 in the Esk estuary and in the environment around the Sellafield reprocessing plant, Cumbria. Report to BNFL, Harwell Report AEA-EE-0166 (1992).

Howorth, J.M., Barr, H.M., Toole, J. and Strange, L.P. A radiological assessment of the Esk estuary. Draft report to DoE, (1992).

Toole, J. and Adsley, I. A Report on the interlaboratory comparison involving AEA Harwell, ICI Tracerco and BNFL Springfields: Radiochemical Analysis of Ribble Estuary Sediments, (1992).

McMahon, A.W. and Toole, J. Investigation of a radioactive particle and a soil sample provided by BNFL. A Report to BNFL, (October 1992).

Toole, J. Morrison, R.T. Cobb, J. and Carpenter, R.C. The investigation and evaluation of ion chromatographic separation of actinide elements in human diet. Report to MAFF, Contract No. N2641. (December 1992).

Toole, J. The distribution and remobilisation of plutonium and americium in estuaries of the Eastern Irish Sea: A Review. Report to DoE, Harwell Report AEA-EE-0165, (1992).

Wickenden, D.A. and Toole, J. Radiochemical analyses of mineral waters. A Report to MAFF under contract N2061, (1991).

Toole, J., Bull, R.K., May, A. and Carpenter, R.C. Natural radioactivity in red mud residues of the alumina industry - a radiological assessment. Report to Alcan International, (1991).

Hursthouse, A.S., Toole, J., Baxter, M.S., Cook, G.T., Carmichael, L.A. and Duncan, H.J. A radionuclide study of the Dounreay environment. A report to UKAEA Dounreay on research performed under agreement no.D02593K, September 1990.

Toole, J., Baxter, M.S., Cook, G.T. and Duncan, H.J. Study of radionuclides in the environment around Dounreay. A report to UKAEA Dounreay on research performed under agreement no.D02593K, March 1989.

Baxter, M.S., Toole, J., Cook, G.T., Duncan, H.J. and MacKrell, A.N. A radionuclide study of the Dounreay environment. A report to UKAEA Dounreay on research performed under agreement no.D02334F. Final Report, October 1987.

Baxter, M.S., Cook, G.T., Duncan, H.J., MacKrell, A.N. and Toole, J. A radionuclide study of the Dounreay environment. A report to UKAEA Dounreay on research performed under agreement no.D02334F, November 1986.

Baxter, M.S., Cook, G.T., Duncan, H.J. and Toole, J. A radionuclide study of the Dounreay environment. A report to UKAEA Dounreay on research performed under agreement no. D02335F, August 1984.

PRESENTATIONS

Toole, J. (2010). Automated and Intelligent waste segregation technologies – the US experience. SD:SPUR Conference – Materials management in nuclear decommissioning – challenges and opportunities. Manchester, 25 May 2010.

Toole, J. and Liddiard, M. (2010). Industry Case Study: NORM in the oil and gas sector. 6th Annual Conference on NORM and Natural Radiation Management, 19-20 April 2010, Hilton Paddington, London.

Lively, J., Marcial, M., Liddiard, M., Kelley, J. And Toole, J. Advanced radioactive soil screening and sorting technology. ICEM’09/DECOM’09, 12th International conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management, 11-15 October 2009, Liverpool.

Lively, J., Lopez, A., Marcial, M., Liddiard, M. And Toole, J. The advanced Pegasus overland radiation detection system. ICEM’09/DECOM’09, 12th International conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management, 11-15 October 2009, Liverpool.

Toole, J. Surveying for radon gas on an oil platform. IBC Conference on NORM and Natural Radiation Management: Strategies, Approaches, Techniques. London, 28 – 29 May 2009.

Toole, J. and Cassidy, J. Remediation of irradiated fuel fragments buried offshore at Dounreay, Scotland, UK. Waste Management for the Nuclear Renaissance, 1 – 5 March 2009, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.

Tyler, A., Scott, M., Dale, P., Elliot, A., Wilkins, B., Toole, J.. Reconstructing the abundance of Dounreay particles on the beaches of Caithness in northern Scotland. International conference on Radioecology and Environmental Radioactivity, 15-20 June 2008, Bergen, Norway

Toole, J. Particles in the Environment. Site seminar, UKAEA Dounreay, 29 February 2008.

Toole, J. Environmental considerations at Dounreay and other UKAEA sites. Presentation to Thurso College students, 10 May 2006, Dounreay Environmental Research Centre, Thurso.

Toole, J. Monitoring for radioactive particles at Dounreay. COGER 2004, University of Liverpool, 13-15 April 2004.

Toole, J. Natural radioactivity in drinking water. Proceedings of DWI Research Conference held at Tadley, 11-12 June 2002.

Toole, J. Radioactivity in water: techniques and some results. RSC Seminar on “Radioactivity in the Aquatic Environment”, Severn Trent Water, Cropston, 6 March 2002.

Toole, J. et al, Status of analytical techniques for the measurement of uranium isotopic signatures. International Workshop on the Status of Measurement Techniques for the Identification of Nuclear Signatures, IRMM, Geel, 25-27 Feb 1997.

Toole, J. General reprocessing activities of Dounreay and statutory monitoring programme. IAEA Vienna International Centre, 11-12 July, 1994.

Toole, J. Analytical methods available at AEA Technology for field trial samples. IAEA Vienna International Centre, 11-12 July, 1994.

Toole, J. The Ion Mobility Spectrometer. Workshop on monitoring for organics, Harwell, 28-29 April 1994.

Toole, J. Environmental monitoring for undeclared nuclear facilities. NMCO seminar, Harwell, 15 June 1994.

Toole, J. Analysis for the detection of covert uranium enrichment: combination of alpha spectrometry and ICPMS. IAEA Environmental Monitoring Field trials Workshop, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 22-25 March , 1994.

Toole, J., Wickenden, D.A and Carpenter, R.C. A study of natural radionuclides in bottled mineral waters. MAFF Radiation Research Project Seminar, London, 25 February 1993.

Toole, J. and Carpenter, R.C. The levels, distributions and budgets of tranuranics in the Esk estuary, Cumbria. Joint Meeting RSC Analytical Division (Scottish Region) and Radiochemical Methods Group, Herriot Watt University, Edinburgh, 20 May 1992.

Toole, J. and Carpenter, R.C. Inventories and distributions of 238,239+240,241Pu and 241Am in the Esk estuary, Cumbria. Tenth Open meeting of COGER, Glasgow University, September 1991.

Toole, J., Carpenter, R.C. and Strange, L.P. Pu-241 activity in the environment around the Sellafield reprocessing plant. Sixth International Symposium on Environmental Radiochemical Analysis, Manchester University, September 1990.

Toole, J., Baxter, M.S. and Cook, G.T. The behaviour of plutonium and uranium in two organic-rich rivers in Caithness. Eighth Open meeting of COGER, Lancaster University, September 1989.

Toole, J. and McDonald, P. Environmental radioactivity. Earth Challenge: research opportunities in the earth sciences. NERC Open day, Royal Academy, London, November 1989.